Posting 9 separate questions at a time is going a bit far overboard. Please, would you pick one or two questions that you want to discuss, and save the others for your next post.
Looking at #2: The turtle's speed is 1 3/5 mph. The distance to be covered is 16 miles. How long does it take the turtle to travel 16 miles?
Recall: distance = rate times time.
time = distance / rate.
Here, time = (16 miles) / (8/5 mph) = 25.6 hours
Try doing this yourself to ensure that you understand how to divide a fraction into a whole number.