Answer: C. Binary fission
There are two modes of reproduction used by the living organisms to reproduce offspring. The asexual mode of reproduction is a process in which the organism does not require the gamete formation, and does not require a mate for copulation, only a single parent is involved in this process. The offspring produce are genetically identical to their parent. But sexual reproduction gamete formation is necessary, and a mate is required for copulation. The offspring are not genetically identical to their parents.
Binary fission is a term that is associated with asexual rather than sexual reproduction. Binary fission is a type of asexual reproduction, in this a fully mature parent cell divides into two daughter cells. In this process segregation of the genetic material and it's replication takes place simultaneously. The genetic material is equally distributed to both of the daughter cells. Binary fission can be observed in some prokaryotes such as bacteria. It is also seen in single celled eukaryotes such as Amoeba and Paramecium.