Question

Which principle of population biology states, "too much or too little of any abiotic factor can limit or prevent population growth"?

Answer 1

It is the principle of the limiting factor.
A factor can be anything needed for the population growth/survival, for example, a nutrient, temperature, soil type, water, sunlight, etc. It is considered a limiting factor when it is in shortest supply out of all the other required supplies from the other needed factors. Because it is the one in shortest supply it will limit or prevent the population to grow.