Question

A setting of multiple notes per syllable, as in the setting of the word "alleluia" in the excerpt above, is known as what kind of setting

Answer 1

this would represent a religious setting.

Answer 2

The setting of multiple notes per syllable is known as Melismatic. It consists of a single syllable of text that is sung carried through many notes. This group of notes that are sung to one syllable receives the name of "melisma". The Melismatic singing is generally used in religious contexts as in the case of alleluias.