Final answer:
The column of a fractional distillation apparatus should be aligned as near to the vertical as possible for better separation, increased efficiency, and prevention of blockages.
Step-by-step explanation:
The column of a fractional distillation apparatus should be aligned as near to the vertical as possible for several reasons:
- Aligning the column vertically allows for better separation of the different fractions. As the vapors rise through the column, the fractions with higher boiling points condense and collect at lower levels, while the fractions with lower boiling points remain in the vapor phase and rise towards the top.
- Alignment also ensures that the distillation process is more efficient. A vertical alignment allows for a greater surface area of contact between the vapor and the liquid fractions, facilitating the transfer of heat and increasing the rate of condensation.
- Lastly, a vertical alignment prevents any blockage or obstruction in the column. When the column is vertical, any liquid fractions that may condense and form droplets can easily fall back down towards the base of the column, avoiding any potential clogs or disturbances in the separation process.