We know that the ratio of pink markers to total markers is 1:3.
This means that for every 3 markers, one of them is pink. The other 2 will be yellow markers.
We can write that the ratio of pink markers to yellow markers is 1:2, based on the last sentence. This means that if we have N yellow markers, we will have N/2 pink markers.
Then, if we have 16 yellow markers, then we will have 16/2=8 pink markers.