1. Choice A- The volume increases (orange).
2. Choice B- Volume increases (red orange).
3. Choice A- The pressure decreases (yellow Green)
4. Choice B- Increases (blue).
5. Choice C- Motion (yellow).
6. Choice C- The pressure will increase (light brown).
7. Choice A- Force (magenta).
8. Choice B- It takes the shape and volume of any container (yellow orange).
9. Choice A- Push (aqua green).
10. Choice C- Collide more often within the container (purple)
11. Choice B- Decrease (light blue).
12. Choice A- The biggest square (green).
1. Choice A: the volume increases (orange): According to Charles's Law, when the pressure of a gas is held constant, the volume of the gas is directly proportional to its temperature. As temperature increases, the volume of the balloon also increases.
2. Choice B- Volume increases (red orange): If the pressure and the amount of gas are held constant, the volume of the gas will increase as the temperature increases. This is described by Charles's Law, which states that at constant pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature.
3. Choice A- The pressure decreases (yellow Green): If a fixed amount of gas is held at a constant temperature, and the volume increases, the pressure of the gas will decrease. This relationship is described by Boyle's Law, which states that at constant temperature, the pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional.
4. Choice B- Increases (blue): If the amount of gas in a container with flexible walls is increased, the volume of the gas will increase, provided that the temperature and pressure are kept constant. This is in accordance with Boyle's Law.
5. Choice C- Motion (yellow): Temperature is a measure of the motion of the particles within a substance. Therefore, the correct completion of the sentence is: C motion.
6. Choice C- The pressure will increase (light brown): If a hairspray can is heated, the pressure of the gas inside the can is likely to increase. Heating a gas generally leads to an increase in its temperature, and according to the ideal gas law, when the temperature of a gas increases at constant volume, the pressure also increases. Therefore, the pressure inside the hairspray can would tend to rise as it is heated.
7. Choice A- Force (magenta): Pressure in a gas is created by the collisions of gas particles against the walls of the container. The kinetic theory of gases explains that gas particles are in constant random motion, and when they collide with the walls of the container, they exert a force, leading to pressure. The more frequent and energetic the collisions, the higher the pressure.
8. Choice B- It takes the shape and volume of any container (yellow orange): This reflects the characteristic behavior of gases, which fill the shape and volume of the container they occupy.
9. Choice A- Push (aqua green): Pressure is defined as force per unit area. When molecules in a gas, liquid, or solid collide with a surface, they exert a force. If this force is distributed over an area, it results in pressure. The collisions of particles create a pushing force against the surface. So, pressure is fundamentally associated with a push rather than a pull.
10. Choice C- Collide more often within the container (purple): As the volume of a gas in a sealed container decreases, the pressure increases because the gas particles have less space to move, leading to more frequent collisions with the container walls. According to Boyle's Law, which describes the inverse relationship between the volume and pressure of a gas at constant temperature, reducing the volume of a gas increases the pressure. The particles collide more often with the container walls in a smaller volume, resulting in an increase in pressure.
11. Choice B- Decrease (light blue): To determine the volume change when cooling a gas at constant pressure, we can use Charles's Law. Charles's Law states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature (measured in Kelvin) at constant pressure.
First, convert temperatures to Kelvin:
Initial temperature (27°C) + 273.15 = 300.15 K
Final temperature (-33°C) + 273.15 = 240.15 K
Now, compare the initial and final volumes using the temperatures:
If the final temperature is lower than the initial temperature, the volume will decrease. So, the correct answer is: B. decrease
12. Choice A- The biggest square (green): If each shape contains the same number of molecules of a gas, the pressure will be lower in the shape with the larger volume, assuming the temperature and amount of gas are constant. This is based on Boyle's Law, which states that at constant temperature, the pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional. As the volume increases, the pressure decreases, and vice versa.
So, in the shape with a larger volume, the gas will have a lower pressure.