Final answer:
To say that exercise is specific means it targets particular body systems and has specific effects, such as aerobic exercise improving cardiovascular endurance and anaerobic exercise increasing muscle strength.
Step-by-step explanation:
When it is said that exercise is specific, it refers to the notion that different exercises target specific systems of the body and have particular effects. For example, aerobic exercise involves physical activity that uses muscles at less than their maximum contraction strength but for extended periods of time, engaging a high percentage of slow-twitch muscle fibers that consume large amounts of oxygen. This type of exercise improves cardiovascular endurance and includes activities like cycling and brisk walking.
On the other hand, anaerobic exercise is characterized by short bursts of intense activity where muscles are used at close to their maximum strength. This form of exercise primarily uses fast-twitch muscle fibers that require minimal oxygen and serves to increase muscle and bone mass and strength. Examples include push-ups and sprinting.
In practice, some physical activities may fall under more than one category of exercise. Therefore, understanding the specificity of exercise can help individuals tailor their workout regimen to match their fitness goals, whether they aim to improve strength, endurance, flexibility, or a combination of qualities.