If discount is 25%, you pay 75%.
.75x = 40 Divide both sides by .75 x = $53.33
.95x = 57 Divide both sides by .95 x = $60.00
.20x = 90 Divide both sides by .20 x = $450.00
.85x = 146.54 Divide both sides by .85 x = $172.40
(change)/(original) * 100 = %
(60 - 45)/60 * 100 = 25%
(82-62.60)/82 * 100 = 23.7% , 23.66%, 24% (depends on rounding)
(95-61.75)/95 * 100 = 35%