Final answer:
The question that Mason should ask to consider both short-term and long-term goals is: "Do I want this bike this month, or should I save up over the summer?"
Step-by-step explanation:
The question involves decision-making, incentives, and the tradeoff between return and risk, which are all concepts within the field of social studies. The question is asking about short-term and long-term goals and their impact on decision-making. Mason wants to consider whether buying a bike will affect his opportunity to go to lunch with friends, if he should save up over the summer instead, what returns he will receive if he buys the bike, and if he really needs the bike or just wants a new one.
Thus, the question that Mason should ask to consider both short-term and long-term goals is: "Do I want this bike this month, or should I save up over the summer?" This question prompts Mason to evaluate the timing of his purchase in relation to both his immediate desires and his longer-term financial goals.