Answer: a. The cosmological principle makes assumptions that provide scientific guidelines to enable its study.
Explanation:
Scientists cannot physically test their ideas about the origin of the universe but they use cosmological principles to study. Some aspects of the assumptions made on the basis of cosmological principle can be tested. Whatever was formed at the origin of the universe is present around us. Studies are made on them and conclusions are drawn.
Cosmological principle states that on larger scale, the universe is homogeneous and isotropic. This means in which ever direction we look, its the same and there is no preference to any particular direction to make observations.
There are numerous theories associated with the origin of the universe but none can be proved. The theories can only be studied based on the assumptions made using the cosmological principle.