Final answer:
Pediments are formed as the triangular space at the end of a pitched roof in classical architecture and are often adorned with sculptures that depict mythological or culturally significant scenes.
Step-by-step explanation:
Pediments are typically formed as the triangular space at the end of a pitched roof in classical architecture, forming the gable. Throughout history, especially in ancient Greece, pediments were adorned with sculptures that often depicted mythological scenes or events significant to the culture or the patron deity of the temple they adorned.
In the Archaic period, pedimental sculpture often served an apotropaic function rather than merely a decorative one. For example, the pedimental sculptures from the Temple of Aphaia at Aegina evolved in style. This evolution was a transition from the earlier, more stylized forms toward the naturalism associated with the Classical style. In contrast, Roman architecture occasionally featured arcuated pediments, a rare variation where an arch rises into the base of the pediment, as seen in the Peristyle at Diocletian's Palace.
The pediment sculptures on Greek temples like the Parthenon were exquisitely carved, often depicting deities and mythological events such as the contest between Athena and Poseidon or the birth of Athena from the head of Zeus. These sculptures were carefully scaled and positioned to fit within the triangular space, creating both motion and narrative within the framed pedimental environment.