Answer:
The inertia of the rulers and the hypocrisy of the rich and Christian society.
Step-by-step explanation:
In "A modest proposal", Swift is addressing how society is flawed and allows misery to be established in the country by harming many people. He does this, showing how society has failed by promoting inert politicians who only care about their own well-being, preventing the population from making progress, in addition to doing nothing for the most needy citizens. In addition, he shows that the rich and Christian society has been hypocritical, showing itself as good and generous individuals, but who do not help those who need it most, but exploit and ignore them.