Question

What kind of model relies on direct observation, measurement, and extensive data?

An empirical model
A mechanistic model
A foundational model
An optimization model

Answer 1

That would be An empirical model :)

Step-by-step explanation:

Answer 2

The empirical model relies on direct observation, measurement, and extensive data.
This model is used for the analysis of different problems across numerous areas/fields of knowledge. It is based on empirical observations rather than on mathematically solutions and calculations.