Final answer:
The phrase "Golden Mountains" in Marilyn Chin's "Urban Love Poem" refers to the California Gold Rush, a significant event that attracted global attention and mass migration in the 19th century.
Step-by-step explanation:
In Marilyn Chin's "Urban Love Poem," the phrase "Golden Mountains" alludes to the historical event of the California Gold Rush. This term was a metaphor used by Chinese immigrants who viewed the United States, particularly California during the Gold Rush period, as a place of great wealth and opportunity. The Gold Rush, which began in 1848, led to the largest mass migration in U.S. history as people from all over the world flocked to California in search of riches.