An Indian rebel would think about the British ruling his country that the British were the invaders, people who ruled over them with no rights to do so, and mostly that had only their own interests in mind that most of the time do not align with the one from India. Moreover, he would probably complain about taxation and certain obligations created by the British government.
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A British soldier would think about the Indian rebels that the rebellion which they were fighting for was useless, as the British empire would eventually win, and probably he also felt superior in relation to the Indians for racial reasons, that was very common at that time. Moreover, possibly he would feel entitled to end the rebellion with every means necessary.
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Some Indians would put their lives in danger for the British for various reasons: money, perhaps, it was one of the common, followed by a sense of pride in serving a nation perceived as advanced in relation to the Indian one. There was also an issue of class, as the richer the Indian was, the more he could feel he had to lose something if he did no help the British.
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Indians respond to the news of the Amritsar Massacre in different ways: some of they renounce their knighthood, like Rabindranath Tagore. The government issues an inquiry over the massacre, and later on, there were several manifestations in Gujranwala to protest. even some of the British, like Churchill, condemned the act.
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Gandhi's experiences in South Africa change his life by introducing him to the apartheid and the harsh reality of racial prejudice that was so common in that epoch. He began a radical change both externally and internally that led him to become one of the founders of the non-violent form of protest that it is still used today in many rallies.
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Gandhi's followers hoped to achieve by engaging in civil disobedience several objectives: first and foremost they wanted to have more rights, be treader equally and be not under the strict control of the British empire. They also hoped that acts of pacific civil disobedience could make a greater impact in the long run.
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The British respond to Indian acts of civil disobedience in the early 1920s by making the restriction even greater and also by commanding the Amritsar massacre in 1919 and other massacres that happens after. Gandhi was arrested several times and incarcerated with the accuse of subversion and he remained in prison for two years.
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Gandhi led his followers on the Salt March because he wanted to protest against that tax that was under the king monopoly and, with other taxes were conducted Indian people on the verge of starvation. Thousands of people followed him, and the march was repressed by the British, which arrested Gandhi and many of his followers.
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The Partition of India was the split of British India in 1947, which led to Pakistan. The Indian country remained Hindu, while Pakistan was for the majority Muslim. The separation was dictated by the two nation theory, which stated that since there was a big difference in the way Muslim and Hindu wanted to govern India, the two should be two distinct nation.
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The Partition lead to mass migration because many of the people who were Muslim went to the Pakistan zone, while at the same time the Hindu people who were in Pakistan return to India, in order to have the security that came from being with people that share the same religion and in the hope of avoiding any repercussions.