Think of the small squares as one, and the long squares as ten. For the first grid instead of counting the small squares count the empty ones. there are 12 empty ones and we know that there are 100 in total, so you take the total (100) minus the empty (12). which equals 88/ 100. it's over 100 because that's the total. then the second grid 4 for out of the ten, so 4/10. to add these together you have to find the greatest common denominator. Which is 100. so 10 *what=100, to figure this out do 100 divided by 10, which is ten. then multiply 4/10 by 10. 50/100. so then you add 88/100+50/100. which is 138. remove any 100, because that's a whole and make them ones. so you take 138/100. subtract 100 from the top and make a one. so it ends up being 1 and 38/100. does that make sense?