Answer:Emile Zola, in full Emile-Edouard-Charles-Antoine Zola, (born April 2, 1840, Paris, France—died September 28, 1902, Paris), French novelist, critic, and political activist who was the most prominent French novelist of the late 19th century. He was noted for his theories of naturalism, which underlie his monumental 20-novel series Les Roughen-Mac quart, and for his intervention in the Dreyfus Affair through his famous open letter, J“Accuse.”Though born in Paris in 1840, Zola spent his youth in Alix-en-Provence in southern France, where his father, a civil engineer of Italian descent, was involved in the construction of a municipal water system. The senior Zola died in 1847, leaving Madame Zola and her young son in dire financial straits. In Ix, Zola was a schoolmate of the painter Paul Cezanne, who would later join him in Paris and introduce him to Edouard Manet and the Impressionist painters.Although Zola completed his schooling at the Lychee Saint-Louis in Paris, he twice failed the baccalaureate exam, which was a prerequisite to further studies, and in 1859 he was forced to seek gainful employment. Zola spent most of the next two years unemployed and living in abject poverty. He subsisted by pawning his few belongings and, according to legend, by eating sparrows trapped outside his attic window. Finally, in 1862 he was hired as a clerk at the publishing firm of L.-C.-F. Hatchet, where he was later promoted to the advertising department. To supplement his income and make his mark in the world of letters, Zola began to write articles on subjects of current interest for various periodicals; he also continued to write fiction, a pastime he had enjoyed since boyhood. In 1865 Zola published his first novel, La Confession de Claude (Claude’s Confession), a sordid, semi autobiographical tale that drew the attention of the public and the police and incurred the disapproval of Zola’s employer. Having sufficiently established his reputation as a writer to support himself and his mother, albeit meagerly, as a freelance journalist, Zola left his job at Hatchet to pursue his literary interests.In the following years Zola continued his career in journalism while publishing two novels: Therese Ra quin (1867), a grisly tale of murder and its aftermath that is still widely read, and Madeleine Frat (1868), a rather unsuccessful attempt at applying the principles of heredity to the novel. It was this interest in science that led Zola, in the fall of 1868, to conceive the idea of a large-scale series of novels similar to Honor de Balzac’s La Comedic humane (The Human Comedy), which had appeared earlier in the century. Zola’s project, originally involving 10 novels, each featuring a different member of the same family, was gradually expanded to comprise the 20 volumes of the Roughen-Mac quart series.
Step-by-step explanation: