Question

Complete this vocabulary exercise relating to enzymes, Match the words to the appropriate blank in the sentences. Column A. catalyst complex denatured specific active-site cofactor substrate Column B. 1. An enzyme is ____ when it loses its native conformation and its biological activity. 2. An enzyme is considered a _____ because it speeds up chemical reaction without being used up. 3. An enzyme is considered _______ because of its ability to recognized the shape of particular molecule. 4. A ____ , such as a vitamin, binds to an enzyme and plays a role in catalysis 5. When properly aligned, the enzyme and substrate from an enzyme-substrate (ES) _____. 6. A substrate binds to an enzyme at the ___, where the reaction occurs. 7. In catalyzed reaction, a reactant is often called a _____.

Answer 1

1. An enzyme is denatured when it looses its native conformation and its biological activity. Enzyme is a protein and at high temperatures, the shape of the proteins is altered, preventing it from its function. In addition change in pH above optimal may also cause denaturation of enzymes inactive.

2. An enzyme is considered a catalyst because it speeds up chemical reaction without being used up. A catalyst is a substance that speeds up chemical reactions by reducing the activation energy of the reactants, they are not consumed during the reactions. Enzyme are biochemical catalysts that speeds up chemical enzymatic reactions without being consumed just like normal catalysts.

3. An enzyme is considered specific because of its ability to recognize the shape of a particular molecule. One property of enzyme is that they are substrate specific and will act on specific substrate, others will act on a specific type of chemical bond or functional group, while others will catalyze only one reaction (absolute specificity)

4. A cofactor such as a vitamin, binds to an enzyme and plays a role in catalysis. Cofactors are mostly metal ions (such as Zn ions or iron ions) or coenzymes are inorganic and organic chemical that aid the activity of enzymes. Coenzymes are non protein molecules mostly vitamins or vitamins derivatives that enhance enzyme activity.

5. When properly aligned, the enzyme and substrate form an enzyme-substrate (ES) complex. Es complex is the intermediate formed when a substrate molecule interacts with the active sites of an enzyme. After the formation of the complex then the substrate undergoes a chemical reaction and is converted to product.

6. A substrate binds to an enzyme at the active-site, where the reactions occurs. Active sites is a region on the enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergoes a chemical reaction where it is converted to product. These sites contain the binding site and the catalytic site.

7. In catalyzed reaction, a reactant is often called a substrate. Substrate molecule is the substance that is acted upon by an enzyme and is converted to a product. The substrate forms an interaction with the binding site of the active site then the catalytic site of the active site converts the substrate to a product during catalysis.