Final answer:
The Magna Carta limited the power of the English monarchy by establishing the principles of due process, leading to the development of Parliament and trial by jury, while also asserting the church's independence and guaranteeing commoners' rights.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Magna Carta, signed by King John in 1215, fundamentally changed the government of England by establishing certain principles that limited the power of the monarchy. Its insistence on the king consulting nobles before making arbitrary decisions laid the groundwork for a representative government and the future development of Parliament. This government evolution led to the rise of a Prime Minister who would become the real source of power, signaling a robust shift from absolute monarchical authority.
Furthermore, the Magna Carta enshrined the principle of due process, stating that "no free man shall be seized or imprisoned...except by the lawful judgment of his equals." This established a precursor to the concept of trial by jury, which became a central aspect of Western judicial systems. The document also confirmed that the church was to maintain its rights and liberties, underscoring the limited nature of the king's power over both vassals and the church, and paving the way for the protection of commoner's basic rights in England.