Final answer:
The correct structures involved in photosynthesis are xylem that transports water, stomata that take in CO2 and the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts that absorbs sunlight, enabling plants to synthesize sugars and oxygen.
Step-by-step explanation:
The description that properly describes the plant structures involved in photosynthesis is: Xylem transports water, stomata take in carbon dioxide, and chlorophyll absorbs sunlight. During photosynthesis, chloroplasts, which are located in the mesophyll layer of leaves, contain chlorophyll within thylakoid membranes. This pigment is crucial for capturing sunlight. The xylem is part of the plant's vascular system, which transports water from the roots to the leaves. The stomata, surrounded by guard cells, control the exchange of gases and water vapor; they take in carbon dioxide, necessary for photosynthesis, and release oxygen as a byproduct.
Through the process of osmosis, guard cells can swell or shrink to open or close the stomata, thus regulating the internal water balance of the plant and facilitating gas exchange. This exchange is vital not only for photosynthesis but also for transpiration, which is the evaporation of water from plant leaves, helping to pull water up through the xylem from the roots.
Overall, these structures work together to ensure that plants can synthesize sugars through photosynthesis, which fuels plant growth and supports the broader ecosystem by producing oxygen.