The large scale production of cotton in the Central Asian countries of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan has its pros and cons.
The pros are that the cotton brings in profit for lot of agricultural workers and private farmers, as well as being beneficial for the economy of the countries as a whole.
The cons are the destruction of the environment, mainly the soil because the cotton needs a very big amount of pesticides, and the waters of the Aral Lake that have been rapidly shrinking because they are used for irrigation.