Question

A sample taken from a layer of mica in a canyon has 2.10 grams of potassium-40. A test reveals it to be 2.6 billion years old. How much potassium-40 was in the sample originally if the half-life of potassium-40 is 1.3 billion years?

A.
4.20 g
B.
8.40 g
C.
12.6 g
D.
16.8 g
E.
25.2 g

Answer 1

Problem One

Formula

N(t) = No * (1/2)^[t/t_1/2]

Givens

N(t) = the current mass of the sample = 2.10 grams

No = The original mass of the sample = No [We're trying to find this].

t = time elapsed which is 2.6 billion years or 2.6 * 10^9 years.

t1/2 = the 1/2 life time which is 1.3 billion years of 1.3 *10^9

Solution

2.10 grams = No (1/2)^(2.6*10^9/1.3 * 10^9)

The 10^9s cancel and you are left with 2.6/1.3 = 2

2.10 grams = No (1/2)^2

2.10 grams = No (1/4) Multiply both sides by 4

2.10 * 4 = No (1/4)*4

8.4 grams = No

which is how many grams you originally had.

Answer B.

Problem Two

`_(1)^(2)\text{H} + _(1)^(2)\text{H} \longrightarrow _(z)^(y)\text{x}+_(0)^(1)\text{n}`

Solve for y

2 + 2 = y + 1

4 = y + 1

y = 3

Solve for z

1 + 1 = z + 0

z = 2

The 2 tells you that it is the second member on the periodic table. That's Helium. So the answer looks like this.

`_(2)^(3)\text{He}`

The mass of the Helium is 3 and its number is two.