Answer:
(a) Waterborne diseases are caused by pathogens that are typically spread through contaminated water. Some examples include cholera, typhoid fever, and dysentery.
(b) Communicable diseases are caused by pathogens that can be spread from one person to another. Some examples include influenza, tuberculosis, and SARS.
The cause of influenza is a virus that spreads through direct contact with respiratory secretions or droplets from an infected person. The cause of tuberculosis is a bacterium that spreads through the air and is inhaled by another person. The cause of SARS is a virus that spreads through contact with respiratory secretions or direct contact with an infected animal.
Further explanation of key concepts for aforementioned waterborne diseases:
What is Cholera?
Cholera is an infection of the small intestine that is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Cholera is typically spread through contaminated water or food, and can cause severe diarrhea and dehydration. In severe cases, cholera can be fatal. Treatment for cholera typically involves rehydration with fluids and electrolytes.
What is Typhoid Fever?
Typhoid fever is a potentially deadly bacterial infection that is most commonly spread through contaminated food or water. Symptoms of typhoid fever include fever, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. In severe cases, typhoid fever can lead to death. Treatment for typhoid fever typically involves antibiotics.
What is Dysentery?
Dysentery is a bacterial infection of the intestines that is typically spread through contaminated water or food. Symptoms of dysentery include severe diarrhea, abdominal pain, and blood in the stool. In severe cases, dysentery can be fatal. Treatment for dysentery typically involves antibiotics.