Final answer:
100 grams of sodium chloride is a pure substance that is a compound. It consists of a fixed, definite set of properties and a uniform composition, chemically distinct from the elements sodium and chlorine that it's composed of.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of matter that 100 grams of sodium chloride (NaCl) represents is a pure substance that is a compound. This is because sodium chloride has a uniform and definite composition, and all samples of sodium chloride are chemically identical. Sodium chloride is formed by a chemical reaction between sodium, a soft shiny metal, and chlorine, a pungent green gas, resulting in a substance that has different properties from either of the elements it is composed of.
Here are classifications for various substances:
- Salt (sodium chloride): compound
- Pure water: pure substance that is a compound
- Soil: heterogeneous mixture
- Salt water: homogeneous mixture or solution
- Pure air: homogeneous mixture
- Carbon dioxide: compound
- Gold: element
- Bronze: homogeneous mixture
Substances such as table salt are pure substances and, specifically, compounds. Mixtures like salt water can be separated back into component pure substances, and elements such as mercury retain their individual properties because no chemical bonding occurs in mixtures.
In exercise identification:
- White wine: homogeneous mixture
- Mercury: pure substance, element
- Ranch-style salad dressing: heterogeneous mixture
- Table sugar (sucrose): pure substance, compound