Answer:
D. Battles between people who had sworn loyalties to their kings.
Step-by-step explanation:
During the period of the epic "Beowulf", the main themes like loyalty, brotherhood, bravery and strength were the guiding principles of how the men lead their lives. The ancient tradition of fighting wars was a recurring event, with the kings holding feasts and having an army at all times.
Even the conflicting issue between the people and Grendel the monster were all solved with wars and fightings. The Danes under King Hrothgar, with the help of Beowulf, a Geat, managed to subdue and defeat their enemies, be it the monsters Grendel and his mother, or the dragon who terrorizes the people. In general, battles were a common theme in the ancient times. So, during this time period, most of the conflicts were resolved through the fighting of battles by the men who have pledged their loyalties to their respective kings.