In order to explain how realism appear in the history, it is important to clarify the different between this two movement: Realism is a direct contrast to romanticism, as it does not beautify, or make things more appealing. Meanwhile romanticism typically shows fantastical situations, realism uses fact to depict ordinary experience.
After the Civil War, the rapid growth in industrialism and urbanization, an expanding population base due to immigration, and a relative rise in middle-class was the main causes for this dramatic shift in America. Rational thinking based on science and the study of history helped start this movement, and it represented the middle class in the late 1800’s.