Final answer:
The social pyramid within ancient Sumer consisted of rulers, nobility, professionals, peasants, and enslaved individuals.
Step-by-step explanation:
The social pyramid within ancient Sumer was hierarchically organized and consisted of several distinct classes. At the top of the social hierarchy were the rulers, such as kings and priests, who held significant power and authority. Below them were the nobility, who controlled large estates and often received a thorough education to serve in elite positions. The professional class, including artisans, merchants, and scribes, occupied the middle position. Finally, at the bottom of the pyramid were the peasants and enslaved individuals.In addition to being a highly urban civilization, Sumer had a significant agricultural sector. Most of the city's economic production came from agriculture and animal husbandry, yet those performing the labor were often the lowest in social standings. Religious leaders also had high standing as they served as the intermediaries between the gods and the people, with each city-state having its own patron deity.