16 bags are $8. However, you need more than 16 bags; you need 84.
So the first thing you do is divide 84 by 16 which is 5.25. This means that if 16 bags are $8, then you need to multiply the price and quantity by 5.25 to work out how much it is for 84 bags:
$8 = 16 bags
Multiply by 5.25:
$8 * 5.25 = 16 bags * 5.25
$42 = 84 bags
Therefore, it’ll cost $42 to buy 84 bags.