Ah, this is long. Bet let's go.
Well, Jacques Cartier, not Giovanni Caboto, was the one who first used the term "Canada" in Europe. He is also believed to have sailed north of Newfoundland, which was not a member of the Canadian Federation before to 1949 and therefore not a part of the colony the French named Canada.
So the French are to blame for the name Canada's widespread use throughout Europe. The Canadian Maritimes were never included in a phrase like "Canada" until 1867. It never included Newfoundland before to 1949. It didn't fully encompass the Prairies until 1870 either.
In 1534, Cartier made his first expedition and reached a location that is today Gaspé. There, he came across a temporary camp of a group of people that archaeologists choose to designate to as "Saint Lawrence Iroquoians" for lack of a better title. They dubbed the location "Honguedo," although they were only there to go fishing; it wasn't their own hamlet. Cartier only reused the phrase. He visited the chief Donnacona there, and with his approval, brought Domagaya and Taignoagny, two of his "sons" (or perhaps nephews? ), to France. (This contrasts with the second expedition, where Donnacona was kind of strong-armed and abducted into departing for France, despite being given time to arrange his departure, with a crew of 10 indigenous people. Additionally, it contrasts with Giovanni da Verrazano's abduction of an indigenous youngster from the vicinity of Washington, DC. Additionally, Thomas Aubert transported seven native people who may be Beothuks to France, however it is unknown under what conditions. Despite being scheduled to return the next year, the Carijós Essomericq and Namoa were also brought to France with the approval of their respective populations.)
Later, it was revealed to Cartier that this group was at war with the "Toudamans," who could be today's Mi'kmaq, and that the "Toudamans'" massacre would be memorialized on the island of Massacre in the Bic National Park. On a little island, Cartier was informed of a time when they were traveling to "Honguedo" to go fishing there. The Mi'kmaq, who named the area Gespeg, gave Honguedo, Gaspé, the name we use today. As you can see, there is a territorial conflict between two native groups, which is something that happens rather regularly. These two men whom Cartier sent to France in 1534 were questioned extensively about the location in France. They mistook their village's name, kana:ta, which is pronounced ganaada, for the name of their nation of origin. They inquired as to whether there was a country with wealth and people who dressed like Europeans, and they learned that there was one named the "Kingdom of Saguenay" from what they were informed. Knowing all about it, a Portuguese spy at the French court informed his king of this "Sagana" in a message. Roberval and Cartier would search frantically for that Kingdom but were unable to locate it.
Cartier discovered a settlement called Stadaconé as well as nearby communities including Ajoaste, Starnatam, Tailla, Sitadin, Tequenonday, and Achelacy when he traveled to the "country of Canada." The name of this final settlement is now Portneuf.
We can categorize the language they spoke because Cartier developed a dictionary of terms in the "Saint-Lawrence Iroquoians'" (as the archaeologists refer to them) language as an addendum to the record of his second expedition.
This language was "the language of the nations and royaume of Hochelaga and Canada incorrectly dictating the New France," according to Jacques Cartier (the language of the countries and kingdom of Hochelaga and Canada, otherwise called New France). For Cartier, "Canada" solely consisted of Stadaconé and the six nearby settlements. Hochelaga was not included, hence Montréal was not included. Girolamo da Verrazano's map of North America in 1529 popularized the name "New France," but he didn't actually intend to refer to it as such. In memory of his late brother, Verrazania, he had wanted to name it that (that was eaten by the actual Cannibals, the actual Kalinago of the Carribeans). In honor of France's King Francis I, the term Francesca was also suggested. Therefore, the Verrazano brothers only suggested three names, and Jacques Cartier was the first to adopt Nova Gallia in French. These names come from Girolamo da Verrazano's notes on his 1529 map and the Codex Cèllere in Tuscany. The Codex Cèllere is thought to have been translated from French since some of the terminology would have been difficult in that language, although the Verrazano spoke Tuscan as their first language.
Therefore, Giovanni Caboto merely sailed in a place that is considered Canada since 1949. Jacques Cartier on another hand introduced the word Canada in Europe. Canada fundamentally means the region of Québec City.
Thanks,
Eddie