To solve for a variable, you have to isolate that variable onto one side.
1.
Firstly, multiply both sides by 2:

Next, divide both sides by a + b and your answer will be:

2.
For this, divide both sides by πr², and your answer will be

3.
Firstly, subtract both sides by 2πr²:

Lastly, divide both sides by 2πr, and your answer will be:
