Question

TAC GAA CTC CCC AGG

Write the mRNA complementary strand for the above sequence. What is the name of this decoding process and what organelle is involved?

This DNA sequence above codes for the following short polypeptide: methionine, leucine, glutamic acid, and serine.

Describe the interaction of DNA and mRNA that results in the synthesis of this protein.

Explain the purpose and significance of protein synthesis.

Abnormal hemoglobin is a key characterist of sickle cell anemia. Explain the genetic cause for the production of this protein.

Answer 1

The sequence of the mRNA complementary strand for the given sequence of the strand will be 'AUG CUU GAG GGG UCC'.

The name of the decoding process is translation, and ribosomes are involved in this process.

The process of the synthesis of protein begins with the process of transcription. In this process, the DNA is unwinded, and the RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region and transcribes the codon corresponding to the amino acids. The transcribed mRNA strand is then translated by the ribosomes. The ribosomes reads the codons and the tRNA brings and attaches the related amino acids in a sequence resulting in the formation of a protein.

The protein synthesis is crucial as the proteins are responsible for the structure and functions of the different cells of the body.

Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder, in which a point mutation changes the codon for the glutamic acid to valine. This leads to the formation of an abnormal shape of the hemoglobin which decreases the ability of it to efficiently transport oxygen.