Answer: playing with chance (flip of a coin, ordering dances in the moment, determining music at the performance
Merce Cunningham often employed playing with chance (flip of a coin, ordering dances in the moment, determining music at the performance. He called this the “chance operations” where he was always looking for new ways to move his choreography. He flipped coins to decide how to mix different movements and phrases and practiced the combination over and over again for months until he completes a piece.