Question

Researchers are studying the relationship between honesty, age, and self-control conducted an experiment on 160 children between the ages of 5 and 15. The researchers asked each child to toss a fair coin in private and to record the outcome (heads or tails) on a paper sheet, and said they would only reward children who report heads. Half the students were explicitly told not to cheat and the others were not given any explicit instructions. Differences were observed in the cheating rates in the instruction and no instruction groups, as well as some differences across children's characteristics within each group.

a) Identify the population of interest in the study.

A. 80 children between the ages of 5 and 15 who were told not to cheat
B. 160 children between the ages of 5 and 15
C. The researchers
D. All children between the ages of 5 and 15
b) Identify the sample for this study.

A. 80 children between the ages of 5 and 15 who were told not to cheat
B. The researchers
C. All children between the ages of 5 and 15
D. 160 children between the ages of 5 and 15
c) Can the results of the study can be generalized to the population? Should the findings of the study can be used to establish causal relationships.

A. If the sample is randomly selected and representative of the entire population, then the results can be generalized to the target population. Furthermore, since this study is observational, the findings can be used to infer causal relationships.
B. If the sample is randomly selected and representative of the entire population, then the results can be generalized to the target population. Furthermore, since this study is experimental, the findings can be used to infer causal relationships.
C. If the sample is randomly selected and representative of the entire population, then the results can be generalized to the target population. Furthermore, since this study is experimental, the findings cannot be used to infer causal relationships.D. If the sample is randomly selected and representative of the entire population, then the results can be generalized to the target population. Furthermore, since this study is observational, the results cannot be used to infer causal relationships.

Answer 1

The population of interest is all children aged 5 to 15; the study's sample consists of the 160 participating children. Results can be generalized if the sample is representative, and as an experimental study, it can establish causal relationships.

Step-by-step explanation:

The population of interest in the study is D. All children between the ages of 5 and 15 because the researchers are attempting to understand a broader phenomenon that could be applicable to all children within this age range, not just those in the study. The sample for the study is D. 160 children between the ages of 5 and 15 because these are the actual participants that researchers have collected data from within this experiment.

Regarding the generalizability and establishment of causal relationships of the study, the correct option is B. If the sample is randomly selected and representative of the entire population, then the results can be generalized to the target population. Furthermore, since this study reports the manipulation of an independent variable (the instruction given to one group and not to the other), it qualifies as an experimental study, and its results can inform us about causal relationships.

Answer 2

Step-by-step explanation:

Given that researchers are studying the relationship between honesty, age, and self-control conducted an experiment on 160 children between the ages of 5 and 15.

a) The population is the children between the ages of 5 and 15 in general

D. All children between the ages of 5 and 15

b) Sample is

D. 160 children between the ages of 5 and 15

c) Yes becauB. If the sample is randomly selected and representative of the entire population, then the results can be generalized to the target population. Furthermore, since this study is experimental, the findings can be used to infer causal relationships.se randomly selected and also sample size is above 30