Answer:
c) learned helplessness.
Step-by-step explanation:
Learned helplessness: The term learned helplessness was originally proposed by Martin Seligman while doing his experiment on dogs.
In psychology, the term learned helplessness is defined as the procedure when animals or human beings feel helpless and incapable while avoiding negative circumstances or situations.
In learned helplessness, an organism tends to bear or tolerate an aversive or unpleasant stimuli and becomes unwilling to ignore those stimuli's subsequent encounters even when they can be out of the situation, it happens because they feel the situation is inescapable.