Final answer:
DNA carries information for specifying the traits of an organism through genes, which control visible characteristics or traits. Genes are made up of sequences of nucleotide base pairs in the DNA molecule. This information is passed from parent cells to daughter cells and from parents to offspring.
Step-by-step explanation:
DNA carries information for specifying the traits of an organism through its role as the genetic material. The DNA molecule contains sequences of nucleotide base pairs that make up genes. These genes control or partially control the visible characteristics, or traits, of an organism, such as eye color or hair color. Each gene may have different variations, called alleles, that affect the expression of the trait. The information stored in DNA is passed from parent cells to daughter cells during cell division and from parents to offspring during reproduction.