Question

1. The principal role of ___________ is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA out of the nucleus for the synthesis of proteins. 2. A ____________is made up of hundreds or thousands of smaller units called amino acids, attached to one another in long chains. is the first step of gene expression, during which a particular segment of DNA is converted into RNA. 3. A ___________serves as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm. 4. ___________ is a long linear polymer found in the nucleus of a cell, shaped like a double helix, and associated with the transmission of genetic information. 5. ______ is the process in which mRNA codons are converted into an amino acid sequence.

Answer 1

1. mRNA

2. Proteins

Transcription: is the first step of gene expression, during which a particular segment of DNA is converted into RNA.

3. RIBOSOME serves as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm.

4. DNA is a long linear polymer found in the nucleus of a cell, shaped like a double helix, and associated with the transmission of genetic information.

5. TRANSLATION is the process in which mRNA codons are converted into an amino acid sequence.

Step-by-step explanation:

DNA is nucleic acid and a polymer of nucleotides. It is a double-helical molecule and is present in the nucleus of eukaryotes to serve as storage for genetic information. The genetic information stored in DNA is carried to ribosomes in the form of mRNA.

The process of transcription forms mRNA using DNA as a template strand. The newly formed mRNA enters the cytoplasm to join ribosomes and serves as a template for protein synthesis. This process of synthesis of proteins using mRNA as a template is called translation. Proteins are polymers of amino acids held together by peptide bonds.