Answer:
Separation of Powers
Step-by-step explanation:
I bet you are referring to the power of Congress to introduce and pass new laws, even before the presence of the president of the republic. Well, this is possible because of the separation of powers.
Montesquieu created the concept of separation of powers and the proper attributions, being the Legislative Power those who make the laws forever or for a certain time, as well as perfect or repeal the existing ones (the congress); the Executive - which is the Magistrate of peace and war - receiving and sending ambassadors, establishing security and preventing invasions (with the president as its leader); and lastly, the Judiciary, which gives the Magistrate the power to punish crimes or prosecute civil order disputes. In this thesis, Montesquieu thinks of not letting in one hand the tasks of legislating, administering and judging, since the concentration of power tends to generate his abuse.