Answer:
1.- C
2.- D
3.- B
Step-by-step explanation:
1.- The Armed Peace (1871-1914) was a period in the political history of Europe from the end of the Franco-Prussian War to the beginning of the First World War and was characterized by the strong development of the war industry of the powers and by the growing tension in international relations. This arms race between the European powers, or helped by the growth of the Belle Époque in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, was one of the most notorious causes of the First World War. The continuous tensions between states due to both nationalist and imperialist conflicts resulted in each state allocating large amounts of state capital to investment in the arms industry and to the strengthening of the army, all this excessive military spending would eventually lead to national bankruptcies.
The policy of the time was based on the idea expressed by the Latin maxim, "Si vis pacem, para bellum" which means: If you want peace, prepare for war.
ll this gave rise to a complex, reinstated, system of alliances in which nations were in conflict without being at war.
2.- This situation of hostility between states created from the end of the 19th century a complex system of alliances that in the end divided Europe into two groups of very marked rival powers: the Triple Entente, formed in principle by France, Great Britain and Russia; and the Triple Alliance, formed by Germany, the Austro-Hungarian Empire and Italy.
3.- The Balkans have always been a major point of conflict, as a diversity of peoples, languages, religions, etc. are mixed. The Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Russian Empire sought to increase their influence in the Balkans by taking advantage of the severe weakness of the Turkish Empire on the military and financial level.
The Austro-Hungarian Empire was resisting the will of the southern Slavs to unite into large state entities, as Austria wished to have an outlet to the Mediterranean through Serbia and not only to close itself off from the Adriatic through the Dalmatian coast. On the other hand, the Russian Empire defended the creation of this union of the Slavs in the hope that a pan-Slavic state in the Balkans would be an ally of Russia and would allow Russia an outlet to the Mediterranean. Moreover, Russia was afraid of a possible Austrian expansion.
In this context, three crises were triggered. In 1908 Austria annexed the Turkish territory of Bosnia, which had been administered since 1878 by agreement of the great powers, provoking Russia's anger. In 1912 the Balkan League was created thanks to Russia's pan-slavic policies. This league was composed of Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece and Montenegro. This forced Turkey to abandon its last territories except for the eastern end of Thrace (fixing the border a few kilometres from Istanbul itself) and recognised the independence of Albania.
In 1913 a new war pitted Serbs against Bulgarians, as the latter had allied themselves with Austria-Hungary and Germany, and refused to align themselves with Russia. The Serbs had the support of Greece and Romania (which had ambitions for Bulgarian territories) and the victory was overwhelming; the Bulgarians had to cede large territories to Serbia and Greece. These hostilities will be reflected later in the system of alliances that was created because of the Armed Peace.