Final answer:
Vacuoles and vesicles are the organelles in cells that store food, water, and waste materials, with plant cells typically having a large central vacuole, while animal cells have smaller vacuoles and various specialized vesicles for these functions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The organelles that store food, water, and waste material in cells are primarily vacuoles and vesicles. In plant cells, there is typically a large central vacuole that occupies up to 90% of the cell's volume and is crucial for storing water, nutrients, and wastes. This central vacuole is also significant in regulating the cell's storage compartment and contributes to cell growth through the degradation of macromolecules. In contrast, animal cells have smaller vacuoles and may use various vesicles for storing nutrients and wastes. Vesicles are formed from the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus and are involved in the transport and storage of proteins and lipids. Some specialized vesicles like lysosomes and peroxisomes are also involved in the breakdown of foreign matter, dead cells, or toxins within the cell.