Final answer:
Symbiotic nitrogen fixation is mutually beneficial, allowing plants to access an endless supply of nitrogen, improving soil fertility, and providing bacteria with energy sources and habitat. So the correcct option is ' All of the above occur'.
Step-by-step explanation:
Symbiotic nitrogen fixation is a natural process that brings multiple benefits. Plants benefit from an endless supply of nitrogen due to the ability of certain bacteria, known as rhizobia, to convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form that plants can use. Furthermore, the soil benefits from being naturally fertilized as the fixed nitrogen increases soil fertility. At the same time, the bacteria involved benefit from using photosynthates, which are carbohydrates produced by the plant during photosynthesis, and from having a protected living environment. Consequently, all of the statements listed in the question occur: the plant, the soil, and the bacteria all receive significant advantages from symbiotic nitrogen fixation.