Answer:
a. No, they are not independent
Explanation:
The probability that a student's father was born in Michigan is:
48 / 100 = 48%
For students' whose mother was born in Michigan, the probability that their father was also born in Michigan is:
29 / 73 = 40%
Since these probabilities are not the same, the events are not independent. The probability of one event is affected by the occurrence of the other event.