Final answer:
The balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis is 6CO2(g) + 6H2O(l) → C6H12O6(s) + 6O2(g), with water being the limiting reactant and carbon dioxide in excess. The mass of excess CO2 and the mass of glucose produced is determined by stoichiometric calculations.
Step-by-step explanation:
The balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis is 6CO2(g) + 6H2O(l) → C6H12O6(s) + 6O2(g). This shows that carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) react to form glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen (O2). To find the limiting reactant, you convert the masses given for CO2 and H2O to moles using their respective molar masses (44.01 g/mol for CO2 and 18.02 g/mol for H2O). You would find that water is the limiting reactant because there are fewer moles of H2O than CO2 when compared to the stoichiometric coefficients in the balanced equation.
To find the excess reactant, subtract the amount of CO2 that would react with the available H2O from the initial amount of CO2 to determine the mass in excess. For the mass of glucose produced, use the mole ratio from the balanced equation, multiplied by the number of moles of the limiting reactant and then by the molar mass of glucose (180.16 g/mol).