Answer:
"The smell of the muffins in the oven": not a clause.
"Because I lost my gloves": a dependent clause
"She served the volleyball over the net": independent clause
Step-by-step explanation:
A clause is a group of words that have a subject and a verb. There are two types of clauses: independent and independent (also called subordinate).
A clause is independent when it expresses a complete thought on its own, and therefore, it can stand alone as a full sentence. And a clause is dependent when it does not express a complete thought on its own, and therefore, it should always be part of a sentence.
"The smell of the muffins in the oven" is not a clause because it lacks a verb.
"Because I lost my gloves" is a clause because it contains a subject: "I" and a verb: "lost". And it is dependent because it does not express a complete thought on its own.
"She served the volleyball over the net" is a clause because it has a subject: "She" and a verb: "served". And it is independent since it expresses a complete thought on its own, and therefore, it can stand alone as a full sentence.