Final answer:
The Second Great Awakening was a significant early-19th-century religious movement in the United States that led to the rise of evangelical Christianity, the foundation of new religious sects, and increased social reform efforts. It replaced Calvinism with a focus on personal spirituality and community morals, shaping the country's religious and cultural framework.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Second Great Awakening: Religious Movement in Early 19th Century America
The early-19th-century religious movement in the United States is known as the Second Great Awakening. This movement was marked by widespread revivals, the rapid growth of new religious movements like the Baptists and Methodists, and a shift away from Calvinism to embrace evangelical Christianity. The Second Great Awakening had significant social implications, as it spurred numerous reform movements and the establishment of utopian communities, highlighting a period of intense religious fervor and societal change.
The Evangelical sects of this era focused on the resurrection of Christ, scriptural primacy, the spiritual “rebirth” of believers, and an emphasis on proselytizing. Notable leaders such as Peter Cartwright and Charles Grandison Finney were influential in spreading the movement's message through their sermons. Furthermore, during this period, Joseph Smith Jr. founded The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints after claiming to translate ancient religious texts found in Upstate New York, which expanded the religious diversity in America.
Effects of the Second Great Awakening were also seen in the push for social reforms such as abolitionism and women's rights, and the formation of new religious sects driven by millennialism and the hope of establishing a more moral society. As such, the movement played an instrumental role in shaping the religious and cultural landscape of the United States during the antebellum era.