Answer:
The Bill of Rights
(The English Bill of Rights, 1689)
Explanation / historical context:
The Glorious Revolution of 1688 deposed King James II and replaced him with his daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange, the Stadholder (leader) of the Dutch Republic. As king and queen they became William III and Mary II of England.
James II had tried to take back power away from Parliament. William and Mary were willing to sign the Bill of Rights as they came to the throne in England. The Bill of Rights guaranteed that Parliamentar's rights would be respected by the monarchs. This laid the foundation for a constitutional monarchy, where the power of the monarchs was limited by the rights of Parliament protected in that document.