Final answer:
Insulin is produced by the pancreas and helps cells absorb and store glucose from the blood. In type 1 diabetes, due to a gene mutation or autoimmune response, insulin production is disrupted, necessitating insulin injections to manage blood glucose levels.
Step-by-step explanation:
Insulin Production and Function
Insulin is a crucial hormone that is produced by the pancreas. When our blood glucose levels rise, for example after eating, the pancreas releases insulin into the bloodstream. This hormone aids in the uptake of glucose by the liver, fat, and muscle cells. Insulin can also help convert glucose into glycogen or fats for storage.
Additionally, high levels of insulin inhibit the production of glucose by the liver. In contrast, the hormone glucagon is released when the blood glucose levels are low, stimulating the breakdown of glycogen back into glucose which can then be used by the body. In those with type 1 diabetes, a mutation in the gene that codes for insulin or an autoimmune response against the insulin-producing cells results in the absence or insufficient production of insulin, leading to high levels of blood glucose.
These individuals therefore require regular injections of insulin to maintain normal blood glucose levels and prevent harmful complications.